Identifying Risk Factors Associated with the Development of Diabetic Retinopathy  in Local Population

Erum Tariq; Palvasha  Waheed; Amir Rashid; Asifa Majeed

doi:10.51253/pafmj.v72i6.9044

Authors

Erum Tariq Department of Biochemistry, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi/National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS) Pakistan
Palvasha Waheed Department of Biochemistry, Army Medical College/National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi Pakistan
Amir Rashid Department of Biochemistry, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi/National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS) Pakistan
Asifa Majeed Department of Biochemistry, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi/National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS) Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v72i6.9044

Keywords:

Diabetic Retinopathy, Type 2 diabetes, Risk factors.

Abstract

Objective: To identify the risk factors for developing diabetic retinopathy.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, Pak
Emirates Military Hospital (PEMH), Rawalpindi and Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology (AFIO), Rawalpindi Pakistan,
from Jun 2021 to May 2022.
Methodology: A total of one hundred and fifty participants aged 25-70 years were included in the study. All participants were
divided into three equal groups. Group-I was of age and gender-matched healthy individuals (n=50), Group-II was of people
with diabetes without retinopathy (n=50), and Group-III was of diabetic patients having retinopathy (n=50). All the data of the
participants were recorded on an especially designed proforma, and 5ml of venous blood was also drawn from the subjects to
measure serum lipid levels.
Results: Male gender was more common with 33(66%), 30(60%) and 33(66%) in Group-I, Group-II, and Group-III respectively.
Most of the retinopathy cases had sedentary lifestyle 33(66%), poor dietary habits 34(68%), cardiovascular disease 38(76%),
diabetic foot ulcers 44(88%) and increased levels of TAGS (p-value 0.001). Nephropathy and smoking showed no significant
link with dr.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that a sedentary lifestyle, poor dietary habits, cardiovascular disease, diabetic foot and
increased TAGS may be risk factors for the development of diabetic retinopathy. These findings can help in the early
identification and better prognosis of the disease in high-risk individuals.

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