RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE AND INTRAUTERINE CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICE; A CASE CONTROL STUDY FROM PAKISTAN

Abstract

Background: Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an important problem affecting the health and well-being of women globally. Other than the chronicity of lower abdominal pain which affects the women’s well-being, infertility and its related problems compounds the need to study this issue in developing countries. Though few studies suggest that 9% women in Pakistan suffer from PID, but we do not have adequate information on magnitude, distribution and determinants of PID.

Objective: To determine the association of pelvic inflammatory disease and Intra uterine contraceptive device (IUCD) and secondary objective was to identify the causes of discontinuation of IUCD.

Study Design: Case control study.

Place and Duration of Study: Gynae OPD of Holy family hospital and Benazir Bhutto Hospital Rawalpindi, from Jan to Dec 2016.

Material and Methods: Total 175 diagnosed cases of PID were selected from OPD of tertiary care hospitals. Same number of controls was selected from the same OPD with other problems. A pre-tested questionnaire was filled by the researcher herself by interviewing the respondents. The results analyzed by SPSS version 20.

Results: The odds ratio for PID with IUCD as a risk factor was 2.36 with 95%confidence interval being 1.46 to 3.82. Among 157 cases IUCD was present in 42 cases (26.75%) while in 157 controls it was in 21 cases (13.38%). The difference was statistically significant (p=0.005).

Conclusion: IUCD is an associated risk factor for PID.