SPECTRUM OF CULTURE POSITIVE HOSPITAL ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA IN PATIENTS RECEIVING PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS

Culture Positive Hospital Acquired Pneumonia

Abstract

Objective: To identify the spectrum of organisms in intensive care unit (ICU) in patients who were receiving
proton pump inhibitors for stress ulcer prophylaxis and diagnosed as having hospital-acquired pneumonia
(HAP).
Study Design: Cross sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Shifa International Hospital Islamabad, from Apr 2016 to Aug 2016.
Material and Methods: One hundred and forty eight patients (134 receiving PPI’s and 14 not receiving) in MICU
of Shifa International Hospital were included in this study. Hospital acquired pneumonia was defined as New
chest infiltrates developing within 48 hours of admission, Fever of greater than 38 degrees Celsius and total
leucocyte count of more than 11000 or less than 3500. In all patients tracheal cultures were followed at 24 and 48
hours and microbiologic spectrum was defined.
Results: Out of 148 patients admitted to ICU during the study period, 45 patients (33.6 percent) developed HAP
in PPI group compared to 1 in non PPI group. The initial tracheal cultures at admission were negative. Out of
the 45 patients who fulfilled criteria for HAP 40 patients (89%) had positive tracheal cultures for gram negative
bacteria which included Acinetobacter, Klebsiella and Escheria species. The cultures remained negative for 5
patients (11%) with HAP. The 89 patients who didn’t fulfill the criteria for HAP, 25 patients still had positive
tracheal cultures but more than fifty percent of the cultures yielded Candida Albicans. In the non PPI group only
1 patient developed HAP. HAP incidence was PPI group (p 0.042).
Conclusion: Gram negative bacteria was prevailed as the causative organism in patients who developed hospital
acquired pneumonia (89 percent) and receiving proton pump inhibitors in medical intensive care unit with
greater number incidence of HAP in PPI group.