Association Between Periodontal Disease and Obesity in Young and Middle-Aged Adults

Authors

  • Maliha Tariq Department of Periodontology, 28 Military Dental Centre, Lahore Pakistan
  • Asma Wahid Ali Department of Periodontology, 28 Military Dental Centre, Lahore Pakistan
  • Marij Hameed Department of Periodontology, Dental Institute, Combined Military Hospital, Multan/National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS) Pakistan
  • Wajeeha Lodhi Department of Community dentistry, CMH Lahore Medical College and Institute of Dentistry, Lahore Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v75iSUPPL-6.11462

Keywords:

Body Mass Index; Obesity; Periodontal disease; Periodontitis; Tooth Mobility

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate any possible correlation of obesity with periodontitis in young and middle-aged adults.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study

Place and Duration of Study: Periodontology Department, Institute of Dentistry, Combined Military Hospital, Medical and Dental College, Lahore from Dec 2022 to Mar 2023.

Methodology: Subjects reporting to dental outpatient department aged 22 – 45 years old, with at least twelve permanent teeth and a negative history for smoking and diabetes were selected. Height and weight of selected subjects was measured to calculate BMI and subjects categorized as normal, overweight or obese. Periodontal pocket depth was ascertained using Michigan O Probe with William’s markings of ≥01 teeth from each sextant. Presence or absence of periodontitis was noted and classified according to severity of clinical attachment loss. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics via SPSS. Chi-squared test was used to explore association of obesity and periodontitis. p≤0.05 was taken as significant.

Results: Obesity was prevalent in 54(38.3%) of the subjects while periodontitis was seen in 93(66%) subjects. A statistically significant association between periodontitis and obesity was observed (p<0.001), with periodontitis being more prevalent in overweight and obese individuals. Periodontitis was also significantly associated with age of the subjects with increased frequency in subjects aged 35-45 years (p=0.002).

Conclusion: A positive and significant association between periodontitis and obesity was observed (p<0.001), where overweight and obese individuals were more prone to suffer from periodontitis.

 

 

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Arboleda S, Vargas M, Losada S, Pinto A. Review of obesity & periodontitis: An epidemiological view. Br Dent J. 2019; 227(3): 235-239.

2. Khan MS, Alasqah M, Alammar LM, Alkhaibari Y. Obesity and periodontal disease: A review. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 30(9): 6.

3. Federica DS, Ludovico S, Vincenzo P, Francesco DA. Obesity and periodontal disease: A narrative review on current evidence and putative molecular links. Open Dent J 2019; 13: 526-536.

4. Saliem SS, Bede, S. Y., Cooper, P. R., Abdulkareem, A. A., Milward, et al. Pathogenesis of periodontitis - A potential role for epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Jpn Dent Sci Rev 2022; 58(2022): 268-278.

5. Jepsen. S., Suvan J, J. D. The Association of Periodontal Diseases With Metabolic Syndrome And Obesity. Periodontol 2000 2020; 83(1): 125-153.

6. World Health Organisation. World Health Statistics 2017: Monitoring health for the SDGs. 2017 [cited 2023 4/12]. Available from:

https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/255336

7. World Health Organisation. Obesity and overweight. 2021 [cited 2023 06/01]. Available from:

https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-an

8. Gulati NN, Masamatti SS, Chopra P. Association between obesity and its determinants with chronic periodontitis: A cross-sectional study. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2020; 24(2): 167-72.

9. Attaullah K, Khan ZA, Sibghatullah M, Chachar ZH, Shaikh MI, Ahmed S et al. Association between obesity and periodontal disease among young and middle aged adult groups. Professional Med J 2019; 26(10): 1688-1692.

10. Culebras-Atienza E, Silvestre FJ, Silvestre-Rangil J. Possible association between obesity and periodontitis in patients with Down syndrome. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2018; 23(3): e335-e43.

11. Fahim A, Shakeel S, Shahid TN, Anwar HM, Raja AA, Khan A. Prevalence of Periodontitis in Pakistan: a Systematic Review. J Uni Coll Med Dent. 2022;1(1):30-4.

12. Asif M, Aslam M, Altaf S, Atif S, Majid A. Prevalence and Sociodemographic Factors of Overweight and Obesity among Pakistani Adults. J Obes Metab Syndr 2020 29(1): 58-66.

13. Khan S, Bettiol S, Kent K, Barnett T, Peres M, Crocombe LA et al. Obesity and periodontitis in Australian adults: a population-based cross-sectional study. Int Dent J 2020; 70(1): 53-61.

14. Rafique S, Khan S, Ahmed S, Qureshi MA, Amin R. Case-control study for assessment of factors associated with periodontitis among adults attending a university hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. J Pak Med Assoc 2021; 71(1B): 252-256.

15. Sahar N, Tangade P, Jain A, Priyadarshi S, Hasan M, Ahsan I, et al. Association between obesity and periodontal disease among 35–44 years old patients visiting Teerthanker Mahaveer Dental College and Research Centre, Moradabad: A cross sectional study. J Family Med Prim Care 2023; 12(1): 21-26.

16. Hegde S, Chatterjee E, Rajesh KS, Arun Kumar MS. Obesity and its association with chronic periodontitis: A cross-sectional study. J Educ Health Promot 2019; 8(11): 222-226.

17. Al-Qahtani SM, Elagib MF, Reddy NR, Alghamdi NS, Baldo SM, Kumar PM et al. Relationship between Obesity and Periodontal Diseases in Saudi Women (Asir Region): A Prospective Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2018; 19(8): 969-973.

18. Thomas JT TT, Ahmed M, Kannan S K, Abdullah Z, Alghamdi SA, Joseph B. 2020 Apr 24; 56(4): 197. Prevalence of Periodontal Disease among Obese Young Adult Population in Saudi Arabia-A Cross-Sectional Study. Medicina (Kaunas) 2020; 56(4): 197-207.

19. Billings M, Holtfreter B, Papapanou PN, Mitnik GL, Kocher T, Dye BA et al. Age-dependent distribution of periodontitis in two countries: Findings from NHANES 2009 to 2014 and SHIP-TREND 2008 to 2012. J Periodontol 2018; 89(Suppl 1): S140-S58.

20. Bokhari SA, Suhail AM, Malik AR, Imran MF. Periodontal disease status and associated risk factors in patients attending a Dental Teaching Hospital in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2015; 19(6): 678-682.

Downloads

Published

30-09-2025

Issue

Section

Original Articles

How to Cite

1.
Tariq M, Ali AW, Hameed M, Lodhi W. Association Between Periodontal Disease and Obesity in Young and Middle-Aged Adults. Pak Armed Forces Med J [Internet]. 2025 Sep. 30 [cited 2025 Oct. 6];75(SUPPL-6):S936-S939. Available from: https://pafmj.org/PAFMJ/article/view/11462