Aetiological Factors of Periorbital Hyperpigmentation in Patients Presenting to the Hospital

Amna Nasar; Aamir Habib; Qamar ud Din; Uzma Naeem; Tanveer Ahmad Mujahid; Maeda Jabeen

doi:10.51253/pafmj.v73i3.7372

Authors

Amna Nasar Department of Dermatology, Combined Military Hospital, Khairan/National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS) Pakistan
Aamir Habib Department of Dermatology, Combined Military Hospital, Khairan/National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS) Pakistan
Qamar ud Din Department of Dermatology, Pak Emirates Military Hospital/National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS) Rawalpindi Pakistan
Uzma Naeem Department of Pathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology/National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS) Rawalpindi Pakistan
Tanveer Ahmad Mujahid Department of Dermatology, Combined Military Hospital, Khairan/National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS) Pakistan
Maeda Jabeen Department of Medicine, Combined Military Hospital Jhelum/National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS) Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v73i3.7372

Keywords:

Periorbital hyperpigmentation, Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, Thyroid function tests

Abstract

Objective: To know the aetiological factors of periorbital hyperpigmentation in patients presenting to the Outpatient Department of Combined Military Hospital, Kharian Pakistan.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital, Kharian Pakistan, from Nov 2020 to Sep 2021.

Methodology: We conducted a study of sixty patients with periorbital hyperpigmentation periorbital hyperpigmentation presenting to Skin OPD. A detailed history, clinical examination, and lab investigations like complete blood counts, thyroid function tests, and vitamin B12 and D levels were advised.

Results: Out of 60 patients, 2(3.33%) were male, and 58(96.66%) were females. The mean age of patients was 24.95 years ±6.48. 10(16.66%) had a family history of periorbital hyperpigmentation. Lack of adequate sleep was found in 18(30%) patients, and prolonged daily bright screen exposure was found in 28(46.66%). History of atopy was present in 18(30%). History of seasonal allergies was present in 17(28.33) % of individuals. Other associated pigmented conditions like melasma in 14(23.33%) and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation were noted in 2(3.33%) patients. 8(13.33%) patients had anaemia, 4(6.66%) had subclinical Hypothyroidism, and low vitamin D levels were found in 6(10%). None of our patients had vitamin B12 deficiency.

Conclusion: Periorbital hyperpigmentation has multiple aetiological factors and associations. Correctable factors need to be addressed for better treatment outcomes. The presence of anaemia, subclinical Hypothyroidism, and low serum vitamin D levels indicate the need to screen periorbital hyperpigmentation patients for these conditions.