Pattern of Vitamin D Status in Patients with Non-Specific Bone Pains- A Single Centre Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v73i6.9766Keywords:
Vitamin D deficiency, sunlight exposure, bone pain, muscle painAbstract
Objective: To determine the pattern of Vitamin D status in patients presenting with complaints of non-specific bone pains and to correlate the association of sunlight exposure with Vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Chemical Pathology, CMH, Abbottabad Pakistan, from Aug 2020 to Jul 2021.
Methodology: All patients with non-specific bone pain were asked about demographic, clinical and sunlight exposure.
Vitamin D assays were performed after history taking.
Result: A total of 247 patients were tested for vitamin D levels. 103(41.7%) were male and 144(58.3 %) were females. 56(22.7%) had >60 minutes of daily sunlight exposure, 67(27.1%) had 30 to 60 minutes, and 124(50.2%) had less than 30 minutes of daily sunlight exposure. Vitamin D deficiency was found in 132(53.4%) patients, insufficiency was seen in 74(30.0%) patients and 41(16.6%) patients had normal vitamin D levels. Vitamin D deficiency correlated significantly with low sunlight exposure time.
Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency was seen in 53.4% of patients with non-specific bone pains, while insufficiency was seen in 30.0% of patients. Moreover, our study showed association of Vitamin D deficiency with a decreased duration of sunlight
exposure.
Downloads
References
Siddiqee MH, Bhattacharjee B, Siddiqi UR, MeshbahurRahman
M. High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among the South
Asian adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public
Health 2021; 21(1): 1823.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-11888-1
Nair R, Maseeh A. Vitamin D: The “Sunshine” vitamin. J
Pharmacol Pharmacother 2012; 3(2): 118–126.
https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-500x.95506
Bouillon R, Norman AW, Lips P. Vitamin D deficiency. N Engl J
Med 2007; 357(19): 1980–1981.
https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmc072359
Holick MF, Chen TC, Lu Z, Sauter E. Vitamin D and skin
physiology: AD‐lightful story. J Bone Mineral Res 2007; 22(S2):
V28–V33. https://doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.07s211
Yeum K-J, Song BC, Joo N-S. Impact of geographic location on
vitamin D status and bone mineral density. Int J Environ Res
Public Health 2016; 13(2): 184.
https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fijerph13020184
Pereira M, Dantas Damascena A, Galvão Azevedo LM, de
Almeida Oliveira T, da Mota Santana J. Vitamin D deficiency
aggravates COVID-19: systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit
Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 62(5): 1308–1316.
https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2020.1841090
Riaz H, Finlayson AE, Bashir S, Hussain S, Mahmood S, Malik F,
et al. Prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency in Pakistan and
implications for the future. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2016; 9(2):
-338. https://doi.org/10.1586/17512433.2016.1122519
Syed F, Latif MSZ, Ahmed I, Bibi S, Ullah S, Khalid N. Vitamin D
deficiency in Pakistani population: critical overview from 2008 to
Nutr Food Sci. 2020; 50(1): 105-115.
https://doi.org/10.1108/NFS-03-2019-0105
Lips P. Vitamin D status and nutrition in Europe and Asia. J
Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2007; 103(3–5): 620–625.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsbmb.2006.12.076
Lips P, van Schoor NM. The effect of vitamin D on bone and
osteoporosis. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011; 25(4):
–591. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beem.2011.05.002
Iqbal R, Khan AH. Possible causes of vitamin D deficiency
(VDD) in Pakistani population residing in Pakistan. J Pak Med
Assoc 2010; 60(1): 1-2.
Giustina A, Adler RA, Binkley N, Bouillon R, Ebeling PR,
Lazaretti-Castro M, et al. Controversies in vitamin D: summary
statement from an international conference. J Clin Endocrinol
Metab 2019; 104(2): 234–240.
https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2018-01414
Jensen MD, Ryan DH, Apovian CM, Ard JD, Comuzzie AG,
Donato KA, et al; American College of Cardiology/American
Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines; Obesity
Society. 2013 AHA/ACC/TOS guideline for the management of
overweight and obesity in adults: a report of the American
College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force
on Practice Guidelines and The Obesity Society. Circulation 2014;
(25 Suppl-2): S102-38.
https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.0000437739.71477.ee
Aris N, Mitra AK, Mohamed WMIW. Effects of occupational
sunlight exposure and monsoon season on vitamin D
concentration among outdoor and indoor workers in Malaysia.
Malays J Nutr 2020; 26(3): 1-4.
http://dx.doi.org/10.31246/mjn-2020-0038
Khan AH, Iqbal R, Naureen G, Dar FJ, Ahmed FN. Prevalence of
vitamin D deficiency and its correlates: Results of a communitybased study conducted in Karachi, Pakistan. Arch Osteoporos
; 7(1–2): 1-3. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11657-012-0108-x
Clemens TL, Henderson SL, Adams JS, Holick MF. Increased
Skin Pigment Reduces The Capacity Of Skin To Synthesise
Vitamin D3. Lancet 1982; 1(8263): 74-76.
https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(82)90214-8
Goyal V, Agrawal M. Effect of supplementation of vitamin D and
calcium on patients suffering from chronic non-specific
musculoskeletal pain: A pre-post study. J Family Med Prim Care
; 10(5): 1839-1844.
https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1699_20
Tariq A, Khan SR, Basharat A. Assessment of knowledge,
attitudes and practice towards Vitamin D among university
students in Pakistan. BMC Public Health 2020; 20(1): 355.