Comparison of Various Factors with Different Methods of Self-Harm In Patients Admitted to a Tertiary Care Hospital in Pakistan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v74i2.9632Keywords:
Depression, Anxiety, Mental health, self-harmAbstract
Objective: To compare different factors in patients harming themselves with serious methods with or without suicidal intent
in patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan.
Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Fauji Foundation Hospital Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Sep 2018 to Aug 2020.
Methodology: All patients who were admitted to medical, surgical or psychiatry wards of the hospital after an episode of selfharm were included in the study. Detailed history and mental state examination were carried out on all the patients by a
consultant psychiatrist or post-graduate trainee in psychiatry. Methods of self-harm were assessed in all the patients, and
relevant socio-demographic factors were studied.
Results: Out of 350 patients who were admitted with self-harm in the hospital during the study period and consented to be
included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups for comparison: 189(54%) did not use any serious methods,
while 161(46%) used serious methods and expressed an intent to end their lives. Cutting (80 patients, 22.8%) was the most
common method of self-harm among patients included in the study, followed by overdose of prescribed medication (59
patients, 16.8%). The presence of major mental illness and substance use were found statistically significantly more in patients
who used serious methods of self-harm and intent to end their lives (p-value<0.05).
Conclusion: Cutting an overdose of prescribed medication emerged as the most common method of self-harm in our data set.
A considerable number of p
Downloads
Metrics
References
Nochaiwong S, Ruengorn C, Thavorn K, Hutton B, Awiphan R,
Phosuya C, et al. Global prevalence of mental health issues
among the general population during the coronavirus disease2019 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep
; 11(1): 10173. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-89700-8
Charlson F, van Ommeren M, Flaxman A, Cornett J, Whiteford
H, Saxena S. New WHO prevalence estimates of mental
disorders in conflict settings: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Lancet 2019; 394(10194): 240-248.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30934-1
Schneider F, Erhart M, Hewer W, Loeffler LA, Jacobi F.
Mortality and Medical Comorbidity in the Severely Mentally Ill.
Dtsch Arztebl Int 2019; 116(23-24): 405-411
https://doi.org/10.3238/arztebl.2019.0405
Silveira J, Rockman P. Mental disorders, risks, and disability:
Primary care needs a novel approach. Can Fam Physician 2016;
(12): 958-960.
Brådvik L. Suicide Risk and Mental Disorders. Int J Environ Res
Public Health 2018; 15(9): 2028.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15092028
Khan S, Zubair UB, Qayyum R, Sohail N. Pistol Bullets: Not
Fired But Ingested by a Patient of Borderline Personality
Disorder. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2020; 30(6): 671-672.
https://doi.org/10.29271/jcpsp.2020.06.671
Pieterse D, Hoare J, Louw KA, Breet E, henry M, Lewis I, et al.
Methods of deliberate self-harm in a tertiary hospital in South
Africa. S Afr J Psychiatr 2020; 26: 1399.
https://doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v26i0.1399
Jegaraj MK, Mitra S, Kumar S, Selva B, Pushparaj M, Yadav B, et
al. Profile of deliberate self-harm patients presenting to
Emergency Department: A retrospective study. J Family Med
Prim Care. 2016; 5(1): 73-76.
https://doi.org/10.4103/2249-4863.184627
Shields C, Bernard J, Mirza OI, Reeves D, Wells A, Heagerty A.
COVID-19, Lockdown and Self-Isolation: Evaluation of
Deliberate Self-Harm Admissions. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.662885
Zubair UB, Khan MA, Jalil A, Kamal A, Nizami A, Minhas F, et
al. Relationship Of Suicide Attempt With Depression And Other
Socio-Demographic Factors Among The Transgenders. J Ayub
Med Coll Abbottabad 2019 ; 31(4): 576-579.
Daukantaitė D, Lantto R, Liljedahl SI, Helleman M, Westling S.
One-Year Consistency in Lifetime Frequency Estimates and
Functions of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury in a Clinical Sample.Front
Psychiatr 2020; 11: 538.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00538
Klonsky ED, Victor SE, Saffer BY. Nonsuicidal self-injury: what
we know, and what we need to know. Can J Psychiatr 2014;
(11): 565-568.https://doi.org/10.1177/070674371405901101
Lehmkuhl U, Resch F. Suicidal behavior. Prax Kinderpsychol
Kinderpsychiatr 2012; 61(1): 1-3.
https://doi.org/10.13109/prkk.2012.61.1.1
Stewart CC, Lu CY, Yoon TK, Coleman KJ, Crawford PM,
Lakoma MD, et al. Impact of ICD-10-CM Transition on Mental
Health Diagnoses Recording. EGEMS 2019; 7(1): 14.
https://doi.org/10.5334/egems.281
Azeem R, Zubair UB, Jalil A, Kamal A, Nizami A, Minhas F.
Prevalence of Suicide Ideation and its Relationship with
Depression among Transgender Population. J Coll Physicians
Surg Pak 2019 ; 29(4): 349-352.
https://doi.org/10.29271/jcpsp.2019.04.349
Beckman K, Mittendorfer-Rutz E, Waern M, Larsson H, Runeson
B, Dahlin M. Method of self-harm in adolescents and young
adults and risk of subsequent suicide. J Child Psychol Psychiatr
; 59(9): 948-956.https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12883
Daukantaitė D, Lantto R, Liljedahl SI, Helleman M, Westling S.
One-Year Consistency in Lifetime Frequency Estimates and
Functions of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury in a Clinical Sample. Front
Psychiatr 2020; 11: 538.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00538
Kim S, Kim Y, Hur JW. Nonsuicidal Self-Injury among Korean
Young Adults: A Validation of the Korean Version of the
Inventory of Statements about Self-Injury. Psychiatr Investig
; 16(4): 270-278. https://doi.org/10.30773/pi.2019.01.23
Claes L, Bouman WP, Witcomb G, Thurston M, FernandezAranda F, Arcelus J. Non-suicidal self-injury in trans people:
associations with psychological symptoms, victimization,
interpersonal functioning, and perceived social support. J Sex
Med 2015; 12(1): 168-179. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsm.12711
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
