Association of Clinical, Biochemical Markers of Cardiac Injury and Inflammation, and Treatment Strategies with Mortality in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v75i5.9335Keywords:
Cardiovascular Diseases, COVID-19, C-Reactive Protein , Interleukin-6, Procalcitonin, Troponin I.Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the association of clinical, biochemical markers of inflammation and cardiac injury and treatment strategies with adverse outcome in COVID-19 in-patients
Study Design: Retrospective longitudinal study
Place and Duration of Study: Pak Emirates Military Hospital (PEMH), Rawalpindi, Pakistan, from Dec 2020 to Mar 2021.
Methodology: This study involved medical records of laboratory confirmed COVID-19 patients over a period of 03 months at a 1000 bedded facility marked for such patients. All patients were categorized according to cardiac injury; demographic details, presenting features, diagnostic workup, treatment instituted and outcome recorded and analyzed.
Results: A total of 393 patients were included in the final analysis. Median age of patients was 56 years. Ninety-eight out of 393 patients (24.9%) were female. One hundred and nineteen (30.28%) had cardiac injury, and 54(13.7%) died. Patients with cardiac injury revealed higher median inflammatory markers (Interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, Procalcitonin, Ferritin and Lactate Dehydrogenase) as well as markers of cardiac injury including Brain Natriuretic Peptide-1, Troponin-I, Creatine Kinase-MB and Creatine Kinase. Survival was significantly better in those not having cardiac injury (p<0.001). Cardiac injury, male gender, IL-6 and cough were found to be significantly associated with mortality (p< 0.05).
Conclusion: Hospitalized COVID-19 patients revealed abnormally high inflammatory and cardiac biomarkers in those suffering from cardiac injury. Such patients harbor pronounced clinical course, require more support and had increased mortality. Male gender, cardiac injury, high IL-6 and cough lead to poor outcome.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Qurat ul Ann Mustafa, Muhammad Tanveer Sajid, Asma Hayat, Bilal Ahmad, Humza Bin Saeed, Irfan Ali Mirza
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