Dermoscopic Evaluation of Onychomycosis Patterns: Cross-sectional Evidence from a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital

Fatima Zahoor; Arfan ul Bari; Tariq Mehmood Malik; Najia  Ahmed

doi:10.51253/pafmj.v75i6.8654

Authors

Fatima Zahoor Department of Dermatology, Pakistan Navy Station Shifa Hospital, Karachi Pakistan
Arfan ul Bari Department of Dermatology, Pakistan Navy Station Shifa Hospital, Karachi Pakistan
Tariq Mehmood Malik Department of Dermatology, Pakistan Navy Station Shifa Hospital, Karachi Pakistan
Najia Ahmed Department of Dermatology, Pakistan Navy Station Shifa Hospital, Karachi Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v75i6.8654

Keywords:

Dermoscopy, Distolateral Subungual Onychomycosis, Onychoscopy, Patterns of Onychomycosis

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the different Dermoscopic patterns of onychomycosis.

Study Design: Cross-sectional Study.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Dermatology, PNS Shifa Hospital, Karachi Pakistan, from Aug 21 to Feb 22.

Methodology: A total of 200 patients with clinically diagnosed onychomycosis were included in the study via a non-probability consecutive sampling technique. Onychoscopic examination was done with a handheld dermoscope (HEINE DELTA 20T DERMETOSCOPE) a ×10 magnification. All Onychoscopic patterns were identified, documented, and statistically analyzed using Mean, SD, frequency, and percentages.

Results: Out of 200 cases, 72(36%) were men and 128(64%) were women with a ratio of 1:1.7. The Majority of patients were in an age range of 40–56 years, 100(50%) followed by 20–40 years 88(44%), and greater than 60 years 12(6%). The duration of signs of nail disease was between 2 months to 2 years. Distal and lateral subungual onychomycosis in 148(74%) patients was the most prevalent clinical condition, and most frequently seen clinical sign was discoloration of nail plates in 180(90%) patients. The common Onychoscopic patterns observed were spikes in 90(45%) patients, followed by distal irregular termination in 72(36%), jagged in 54(27%), longitudinal striae in 94(47%), and linear edge in 6(3%). No association was found between these patterns and age, duration of disease, gender, type of onychomycosis, and co-morbidities (p>0.05).

Conclusion: Onychoscopy is a simple, non-invasive, quick, and affordable diagnostic procedure that can be used to identify minute nail alterations that are invisible to the unaided eye. It helps with early nail issue diagnosis so

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