Comparative Evaluation of Available Immune-Chromatographic Tests Used for Detection of Plasmodium Species, A Tertiary Care Hospital Experience

Nabila Rafique; Mohammad Abdul  Naeem; Maria  Khan; Muhammad Bilal  Asghar; Zohra  Farooq; Sobia  Umar

doi:10.51253/pafmj.v74i3.7843

Authors

Nabila Rafique Department of Hematology, Armed Forces Institute of Transfusion /National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS) Rawalpindi Pakistan
Mohammad Abdul Naeem Department of Hematology, Armed Forces Institute of Transfusion /National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS) Rawalpindi Pakistan
Maria Khan Department of Hematology, Armed Forces Institute of Transfusion /National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS) Rawalpindi Pakistan
Muhammad Bilal Asghar Department of Hematology, Armed Forces Institute of Transfusion /National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS) Rawalpindi Pakistan.
Zohra Farooq Department of Hematology, Armed Forces Institute of Transfusion /National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS) Rawalpindi Pakistan
Sobia Umar Department of Hematology, Armed Forces Institute of Transfusion /National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS) Rawalpindi Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v74i3.7843

Keywords:

Immunochromatographic technique, Malaria rapid diagnostic tests, Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax

Abstract

Objective: To test the sensitivity of locally available strips for the detection of Plasmodium Vivax and Plasmodium Falciparum species at a tertiary care hospital.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Transfusion, Rawalpindi Pakistan, done over one week during Nov 2021.

Methodology: Four different commercially available brands of Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Tests were taken. They were tested against venous blood sample taken from only one patient who had lab detected Malaria. Light microscopy showed trophozoites of both Plasmodium Vivax and Falciparum. Nine serial dilutions of different strengths were made from blood sample. These dilutions were tested against commercially available four different Rapid Diagnostic Tests strips.

Results: Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Tests kits from all the four brands which were commercially available showed positive results for Plasmodium vivax up to 1:512 dilutions. However, only one brand Rapid Diagnostic Tests kits showed positive results with Plasmodium falciparum in 1:2 dilutions, in addition to Plasmodium vivax.

Conclusion: The commercially available Rapid Diagnostic Tests Immunochromatographic Technique have high sensitivity in diagnosing Malaria, but are not resolute when it comes to speciation, particularly for Plasmodium falciparum.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Mudare N, Matsena-Zingoni Z, Makuwaza A, Mamini E, Munyati SS, Gwanzura L, et al. Detecting Plasmodium falciparum in community surveys: a comparison of Paracheck Pf® Test and ICT Malaria Pf® Cassette Test to polymerase chain reaction in Mutasa District, Zimbabwe. Malar J 2021; 20(1): 7.

https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-020-03536-7

Kigozi RN, Bwanika J, Goodwin E, Thomas P, Bukoma P, Nabyonga P, et al. Determinants of Malaria testing at health facilities: the case of Uganda. Malar J 2021; 20: 9.

https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-020-03538-5

Danwang C, Kirakoya-Samadoulougou F, Samadoulougou S. Assessing field performance of ultrasensitive rapid diagnostic tests for Malaria: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Malar J 2021; 20(1): 1. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-020-03537-6

Hoffbrand V, Higgs DR, Keeling DM, Mehta AB, editors. Postgraduate haematology. John Wiley & Sons; 2016.

https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118853771

Hoffbrand V, Steensma DP. Hoffbrand's essential haematology. John Wiley & Sons; 2019.

https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119520542

Afzal MF. Diagnostic Accuracy of Rapid Diagnostic Test in. Pak Pediatr J 2019; 43(3): 160-163.

Mukry SN, Saud M, Sufaida G, Shaikh K, Naz A, Shamsi TS. et al. Laboratory diagnosis of Malaria: comparison of manual and automated diagnostic tests. Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol 2017; 2017. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/6126472

Bain BJ, Bates I, Laffan MA. Dacie and lewis practical haematology e-book. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2016.

https://doi.org/10.1016/C2014-0-02467-2

Bain BJ. Blood cells: a practical guide. John Wiley & Sons; 2021.

https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119597551

Waqas A. Comparison of microscopic method and immunochromatographic technique in detecting Plasmodium species. Biomedica 2017; 32(1): 21-24.

Feleke SM, Reichert EN, Mohammed H, Brhane BG, Mekete K, Mamo H, et al. Plasmodium falciparum is evolving to escape Malaria rapid diagnostic tests in Ethiopia. Nat Microbiol 2021; 6(10): 1289-1299. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-021-00931-4

Li B, Sun Z, Li X, Li X, Wang H, Chen W, et al. Performance of pfHRP2 versus pLDH antigen rapid diagnostic tests for the detection of Plasmodium falciparum: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Med Sci 2017; 13(3): 541-549.

https://doi.org/10.5114/aoms.2016.58918

Karim AM, Yasir M, Ali T, Malik SK, Ullah I, Qureshi NA, et al. Prevalence of clinical Malaria and household characteristics of patients in tribal districts of Pakistan. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15(5): e0009371.

https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009371

Rogers CL, Bain BJ, Garg M, Fernandes S, Mooney C, Chiodini PL, British Society for Haematology. British Society for Haematology guidelines for the laboratory diagnosis of Malaria. Br J Haematol 2022; 197(3): 271-282.

https://doi.org/10.1111/bjh.18049

Afrane YA, Zhou G, Githeko AK, Yan G. Utility of health facility-based Malaria data for Malaria surveillance. PLoS One 2013; 8(2): e54305.

https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0054305

Bahk YY, Park SH, Lee W, Jin K, Ahn SK, Na BK, et al. Comparative assessment of diagnostic performances of two commercial rapid diagnostic test kits for detection of Plasmodium spp. in Ugandan patients with Malaria. Korean J Parasitol 2018; 56(5): 447.

https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2018.56.5.447

Malaria RB, World Health Organization. New perspectives: Malaria diagnosis: report of a joint WHO. World Health Organization; 2000.

Kojom Foko LP, Pande V, Singh V. Field performances of rapid diagnostic tests detecting human Plasmodium species: a systematic review and meta-analysis in India, 1990–2020. Diagnostics 2021; 11(4): 590.

https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11040590