Comparison of Body Mass Index and Physical Activity Patterns in Pregnant Women with and without Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v75iSUPPL-6.7827Keywords:
Body Mass Index, Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Physical Activity.Abstract
Objective: To compare body mass index and physical activity patterns in pregnant women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus.
Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, Pak Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Jun 2019 to Aug 2021.
Methodology: A total of 1500 pregnant women who came for routine antenatal checkup and underwent baseline investigations at 20th week of pregnancy were included in our study. Patients with suspicion of gestational diabetes underwent oral glucose tolerance test and diagnosis was confirmed. Body mass index and physical activity were compared in both groups along with other socio-demographic factors.
Results: Out of 1329 pregnant women studied, 998(75.1%) had no gestational mellitus at 20th week of pregnancy while 331(24.9%) had confirmed gestational diabetes on oral glucose tolerance test. Mean age of participants was 33.75±8.65 years. 909(68.3%) had normal body mass index, 220(16.5%) were overweight while 200(15.1%) women were obese. It was found that parity, high body mass index and low physical activity had statistically significant associated with presence of gestational diabetes in pregnant women included in our study (p-value<0.05).
Conclusion: Gestational diabetes mellitus was a fairly common finding in pregnant women managed in our hospital. Special attention should be paid on women who are primiparous, have high body mass index and low physical activity status at start or during the course of pregnancy.
Downloads
References
[Updated 2019 Apr 24]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2020 Jan-. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK539766/
2. Soma-Pillay P, Nelson-Piercy C, Tolppanen H, Mebazaa A. Physiological changes in pregnancy. Cardiovasc J Afr 2016; 27(2): 89–94. https://doi.org/10.5830/CVJA-2016-021
3. Catalano PM, Thomas AJ, Huston LP, Fung CM. Effect of maternal metabolism on fetal growth and body composition. Diabetes Care 1998; 21(Suppl 2): B85-90.
4. Grimes SB, Wild R. Effect of Pregnancy on Lipid Metabolism and Lipoprotein Levels. In: Feingold KR, Anawalt B, Boyce A, et al., editors. Endotext [Internet]. South Dartmouth (MA): MDText.com, Inc.; 2000-. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK498654/
5. Wang J, Li Z, Lin L. Maternal lipid profiles in women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98(16): e15320.
https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000015320
6. Pons RS, Rockett FC, de Almeida Rubin B, Oppermann MLR, Bosa VL. Risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus in a sample of pregnant women diagnosed with the disease. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2015; 7(Suppl 1): A80.
https://doi.org/10.1186/1758-5996-7-S1-A80
7. Linder S, Abu-Omar K, Geidl W, Messing S, Sarshar M, Reimers AK, et al. Physical inactivity in healthy, obese, and diabetic adults in Germany: An analysis of related socio-demographic variables. PLoS One 2021; 16(2): e0246634.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246634
8. Lust O, Chongsuwat T, Lanham E, Chou AF, Wickersham E. Does Exercise Prevent Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Pregnant Women? A Clin-IQ. J Patient Cent Res Rev 2021; 8(3): 281-285.
https://doi.org/10.17294/2330-0698.1811
9. Xu H, Ma Y, Zhang L, Liang Z, Chen D. Impact of pre-pregnancy body mass index, weight gain and blood lipid level during pregnancy on pregnancy outcome in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2021; 50(3): 320-328.
https://doi.org/10.3724/zdxbyxb-2021-0185
10. Fatima SS, Rehman R, Alam F, Madhani S, Chaudhry B, Khan TA. Gestational diabetes mellitus and the predisposing factors. J Pak Med Assoc 2017; 67(2): 261-265.
11. Al-Rifai RH, Abdo NM, Paulo MS, Saha S, Ahmed LA. Prevalence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in the Middle East and North Africa, 2000-2019: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12(3): 668447.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2021.668447
12. Hiersch L, Shah BR, Berger H, Geary M, McDonald SD, Murray-Davis B, et al. Oral Glucose Tolerance Test Results in Pregnancy Can Be Used to Individualize the Risk of Future Maternal Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Care 2021; 44(8): 1860-1867.
https://doi.org/10.2337/dc21-0659
13. Simko M, Totka A, Vondrova D, Samohyl M, Jurkovicova J, Trnka M, et al. Maternal Body Mass Index and Gestational Weight Gain and Their Association with Pregnancy Complications and Perinatal Conditions. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16(10): 1751.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16101751
14. Sember V, Meh K, Sorić M, Starc G, Rocha P, Jurak G. Validity and Reliability of International Physical Activity Questionnaires for Adults across EU Countries: Systematic Review and Meta Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17(19): 7161.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17197161
15. Almeida VAH, Costa RAD, Paganoti CF, Mikami FC, Sousa AMDS, et al. Diet Quality Indices and Physical Activity Levels Associated with Adequacy of Gestational Weight Gain in Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Nutrients 2021; 13(6): 1842.
https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13061842
16. Persson M, Winkvist A, Mogren I. Lifestyle and health status in a sample of Swedish women four years after pregnancy: a comparison of women with a history of normal pregnancy and women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2015; 15: 57.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-015-0487-2
17. de Oliveira Santini C, Imakawa TDS, Duarte G, Quintana SM, Moisés ECD. Do the body mass index and the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus influence the level of physical activity during pregnancy and postpartum? PLoS One 2019; 14(8): e0220947.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0220947
18. Liang X, Zheng W, Liu C, Zhang L, Zhang L, Tian Z, et al. Clinical characteristics, gestational weight gain and pregnancy outcomes in women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2021; 13(1): 73.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Ayesha Kiran, Tehreem Yazdani, Syeda Sadiqa Batool, Urooj Hina
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
