PREVALENCE OF CONTRAST INDUCED ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING PRIMARY PCI AFTER ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

Abstract

Objective: To determine the prevalence of contrast-induced acute kidney injury after primary percutaneous coronary intervention among patients of acute myocardial infarction.

Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Interventional Cardiology, Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology & National Institute of Heart Diseases (AFIC/NIHD) Rawalpindi, from Jan 2021 to Mar 2021.

Methodology: Five Hundred patients between 30-80 years of age, diagnosed with Acute Myocardial Infarction were planned to undergo primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) at cardiac catheterization lab. Blood sample was taken before and after 24 and 72 hours of primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Acute kidney injury was labeled when serum creatinine rise ≥25% after 72 hours of primary percutaneous coronary intervention as compared to the baseline. Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20 was used to enter and analyze the collected data. Frequency (%) were estimated for variables like gender, diabetes, hypertension and acute kidney injury. Mean and standard deviation were estimated form variables like age and body mass index.

Results: Out of 500 patients enrolled in the study, 402 (80.4%) were males and 98 (19.6%) were females. The mean age of patients was 64.34 ± 8.68 years. In our study, 313 (62.6%) were diabetic, 287 (57.4%) had hypertension, 88 (17.6%) had history of smoking, while 51 (10.2%) were ex-smokers. The mean serum creatinine level at baseline was 0.86 ± 0.13 mg/dl which was increased to 0.95 ± 0.18 mg/dl after 72 hours. The mean change in serum creatinine level was 0.08 ± 0.07 mg/dl. There was 9.16 ± 7.1% rise in the serum creatinine level from baseline (p<0.05). There were 26 (5.20%) patients who had got acute kidney injury while 474 (94.80%) patients had normal kidney functions.

Conclusion: The prevalence of contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CK-AKI) was very low in our population due to contrast medium used for primary percutaneous coronary intervention after acute myocardial infarction.