Frequency of Esotropia and its Management in Pediatric Age Group at CMH Quetta
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v74iSUPPL-2.6037Keywords:
Esotropia, Pediatric age, StrabismusAbstract
Objective: To find the frequency of esotropia, its sub types and subsequent management carried out in pediatric age group
presenting to a tertiary care hospital in Quetta.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Ophthalmology Department, Tertiary Care Hospital, Quetta Pakistan, from Jul to Dec 2020.
Methodology: Two hundred and forty patients were enrolled in the study with age 6 months to 13 years presenting with
manifest or latent squint. Data was collected through consecutive sampling technique. A designed form for refraction and
orthoptic assessment was used with complete ophthalmological examination on each visit. Diagnosis was made based on
international definitions of strabismus and treatment was planned accordingly. Follow up was carried out to observe and
analyze the effects of treatment in strabismus.
Results: Among 240 patients with strabismus, 152 patients had esotropia. More common in males (n=88) and most common
refractive error was hypermetropia (n=94). Out of these 32 had anisometropia and 47 had amblyopia. According to
classification of esotropia, 34.2% of patients had fully accommodative esotropia and 13.2% patients had essential infantile
esotropia. Combination of treatment modalities was used. 21 patients were prescribed executive bifocals. Patching for 2 hours
daily during activity under observation was advised to patients with amblyopia. 36 patients had surgery and 14 patients were
kept under observation.
Conclusion: Our study concluded that esotropia was the most prevalent type of strabismus in pediatric age group at tertiary
care hospital in Quetta with accommodative type being the most common which can successfully be......
Downloads
References
Pesudovs, Thomas Munzel, Phillip S Wild et al. Frequency of
Strabismus and Its Impact on Vision-Related Quality of Life:
Results from the German Population-Based Gutenberg Health
Study. Ophthalmol 2020; 127(8): 1113-1122.
Pan, CW., Chen, X., Zhu, H. et al. School-based assessment of
amblyopia and strabismus among multiethnic children in rural
China. Sci Rep 2017; 7: 13410.
Attada, T., Deepika, M., & Laxmi, S. Strabismus in paediatric age
(3-16 year): a clinical study. International Journal of Research in
Medical Sciences 2017; 4(6): 1903-1909.
Hashemi H, Pakzad R, Heydarian S, Yekta A, Aghamirsalim M,
Shokrollahzadeh F et al. Global and regional frequency of
strabismus: a comprehensive systematic review and metaanalysis. Strabismus 2019; 27(2): 54-65.
Goseki, T., Ishikawa, H. The frequency and types of strabismus,
and average of stereopsis in Japanese adults. Jpn J Ophthalmol
; 61: 280–285.
Chen D, Li R, Li X, et al. Frequency, incidence and risk factors of
strabismus in a Chinese population-based cohort of preschool
children: the Nanjing Eye Study. British Journal of
Ophthalmology 2020; 316807.
Alison Bruce, Gillian Santorelli. Frequency and Risk Factors of
Strabismus in a UK Multi-ethnic Birth Cohort 2016; 24(4): 153-
Olusanya Bolutife A, Ugalahi Mary O, Ayeni Olusola, Fawole
Olufunmilayo I, Baiyeroju Aderonke M. Common Forms of
Strabismus in a Tertiary Eye Clinic in Southwest Nigeria. 2019;
(2): 62-67.
Taha AO, Ibrahim SM. Frequency of manifest horizontal
strabismus among basic school children in Khartoum City,
Sudan. Sudanese J Ophthalmol 2015; 7: 53-57.
Green-Simms AE, Mohney BG. Epidemiology of pediatric
strabismus. In Pediatric ophthalmology. Neuro-ophthalmology,
genetics. 2010; 1-9.
Saeedeh Hosseinmenni, Mohamad Reza Talebnejad, [...], and
Enayatollah Osroosh. P100 Wave Latency in Anisometropic and
Esotropic Amblyopia versus Normal Eyes. J Ophthalmic Vis Res
; 10(3): 268-273.
Darge HF, Shibru G, Mulugeta A, Danachew TM. The
Frequency of visual Acuity Impairment among School children
at Arada Subcity Primary Schools in Addis Abbaba, Ethiopia, J
Ophthalmol 2017; 9326108: 1-7.
Khorrami-Nejad M, Akbar MR, Khosravi B. The frequency of
strabismus types in strabismic Iranian patients. Clinical
optometry. 2018; 10: 19-24.
Paras Azam, Neelam Nausheen, Muhammad Faisal Fahim.
Frequency of strabismus and its type in pediatric age group 6-15
years in a tertiary eye care hospital, Karachi. Biom Biostat Int J
; 8(1): 24-28.
Hassan Hashemi, Abbasali Yekta, Ebrahim Jafarzadehpur,
Fereidon Nirouzad, Hadi Ostadimoghaddam, Banrak Eshrati, et
al. The Frequency of Amblyopia in 7 year old school children in
Iran. Strabismus 2014; 22(4): 152-157.
Shu Min Tang, Rachel Y. T. Chan, Shi Bin Lin, Shi Song Rong,
Henry H. W. Lau, Winnie W. Y. Lau et al. Refractive Errors and
Concomitant Strabismus: A Systematic Review and Metaanalysis. 2016; 6: 35177.
Anat Bachar Zipori, Linda Colpa, Agnes M. F. Wong, Sharon L.
Cushing, Karen A. Gordon. Postural stability and visual
impairment: Assessing balance in children with strabismus and
amblyopia. PLoS ONE 2018; 13(10): e0205857.
Gerth C, Mirabella G, Li X, et al. Timing of surgery for infantile
esotropia in humans: effects on cortical motion visual evoked
responses. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008; 49(8): 3432-3437.
Eileen E. Birch; Sherry L. Fawcett; Sarah E. Morale; David R.
Weakley, Jr; Dianna Hughbanks Wheaton. Risk Factors for
Accommodative Esotropia among Hypermetropic Children
Investigative Ophthalmol & Visual Sci 2005; 46: 526-529.
Khalil A. Lakho, M. Zahid Jadoon, P.S. Mahar. Pattern of Ocular
Problems in School going Children of District Lasbela,
Balochistan. Pak J Ophthalmol 2012; 28(4).
D R Weakley, Jr and E Birch. The role of anisometropia in the
development of accommodative esotropia. Trans Am
Ophthalmol Soc 2000; 98: 71–79.
Chia A, Roy L, Seenyen L, Comitant horizontal strabismus: an
Asian perspective. Br J Ophthalmol 2001; 91: 1337-1340
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Sarah Naveed Malik, Hannan Masud, Quratulain Zamir
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
