Comparison of Acid Base Status and Electrolytes in Individuals with Prediabetes, Diabetes and Normoglycemia

Abstract

Objective: To determine the acid-base status and electrolytes in individuals with pre-diabetes, diabetes and normoglycemia.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Chemical Pathology, Combined Military Hospital, Quetta Pakistan, from Jan
2020 to Jun 2020.

Methodology: Two hundred study participants were part of this cross-sectional study. Study participants were divided into 3 groups based on plasma glucose levels normoglycemics, prediabetics, and patients with diabetes. Sample for serum
electrolytes, plasma glucose, and venous blood gases was taken and analyzed. Results were calculated statistically by using
SPSS 21.

Results: Mean age of study participants as 40.11+/-13.93 years. Out of these, 130(65%) study participants were males and
70(35%) were females. Out of these 200study participants, 105(52.5%) had sodium level <135mmol/L and serum potassium
<3.5mmol/L, 90(45%) had serum sodium level between 135-145mmol/L and serum potassium level between 3.5-5.5mmol/L
and only 5(2.5%) had serum sodium level >145mmol/Land serum potassium >5.5mmol/L. Similarly, 5(2.5%) study
participants had serum chloride level <98mmol/L, 84(42%) between 98-108 mmol/L and 111(55.5%) ad >108mmol/L with a
mean of 106±5 mmol/L. Regarding acid base disturbance, metabolic acidosis was observed in patients with diabetes as
compared to normoglycemic and prediabetics.

Conclusion: Patients with different stages of hyperglycemia have a different pattern of electrolytes and acid-base status which can be used as surrogate markers of normoglycemia, prediabetes, and diabetes.