Association of Sociodemographic Determinants and Risk Factors with Advance Esophageal Cancer

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the association of socio-demographic characteristics, pathological features, addictions and dietary
habits with advanced esophageal cancer among patients presenting at Karachi's tertiary care hospital.

Study Design: Cross-sectional analytical study.

Place and study duration: Oncology Department, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center, Karachi Pakistan, from May 2019 to
Feb 2020.

Methodology: Three hundred patients of age more than 15 years of either gender presenting with proven diagnosis of
esophageal cancer were enrolled in the study using non-probability consecutive sampling technique. Data regarding sociodemographics, eating habits, addictions, pathological features were noted. Tumor stage 1 and 2 were considered as early stage and stage 3 and 4 were considered as advanced stage of esophagus carcinoma. SPSS version 23 was used to analyze the data.

Results: The mean age of the patients with esophagus carcinoma was estimated as 50.32±13.44 years. The age (p=0.001),
gender (p=0.001), occupation (p=0.003), monthly income (p=0.001), education (p=0.005), residence (p=0.011), histopathologicaltype (p=0.001), site (p=0.013) and grade (p=0.001) of tumor, obesity (p=0.001), smoking (p=0.001), betel nut, pan and huqqahconsumers (p=0.001), low fruits and vegetables intake (p=0.001) and high spicy food intake (p=0.001) were found to bepositively associated with advance stage of tumor.

Conclusion: Socio-demographic determinants, pathological features, addictions and dietary habits play important role in theprogression of esophageal carcinoma.