PREVALENCE OF CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS IN TYPE-II DIABETIC PATIENTS WITH IHD

Cardiovascular Risk Factors

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is more prevalent in Asians as compared to White Caucasians. People with diabetes have a risk of IHD two to five times greater than that in the nondiabetic individuals. There is limited data available in the literature about IHD and its association with the known risk factors in Pakistani diabetic population. A comparative study was carried out in Military Hospital (MH) and Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology-National Institute of Heart Diseases (AFIC-NIHD) Rawalpindi on 132 known diabetics with and without IHD to establish the relative prevalence of hyperglycemia, dyslipidemias, hypertension and smoking among diabetics with IHD as compared to those who did not develop IHD. Data was collected from the patients attending OPDS and detailed scrutiny of hospital records of admitted cases. The patient population was divided into two groups depending upon the presence or absence of IHD i.e., group A (n=67) and B (n=65) respectively. Both the groups were studied independently for various risk factors including glycemic control, lipid profile, hypertension and smoking habits. The results obtained in each group were compared with each other to find out the statistical significance of each risk factor. The mean fasting glucose was 150.92 + 42.47 in group A (DM + IHD) and 131.64 + 46.21 in group B (DM alone). Poor glycemic control in group A was positively correlated with IHD (p < 0.01). Serum triglycerides level was higher in group A (DM + IHD) than in group B (DM alone) and the results were statistically significant (p=0.02). The value of serum cholesterol level was higher in group A (195. 73 + 46.22) than in group B (183.55 + 40.66) but the results were statistically insignificant (p > 0.05). The lower HDL level in group A was positively correlated with IHD (p=0.01). Similarly the higher prevalence of smoking and hypertension in group A was positively associated with higher incidence of IHD. (p= 0.04 and 0.043 respectively. Overall results have clearly shown that the prevalence of these risk factors is higher in diabetics with IHD as compared to those without IHD. Therefore, it is concluded that the prevalence of conventional cardiovascular risk factors is quite significant in Pakistani diabetic population.