Effect of Serum Vitamin D Levels on the Severity of Periodontal Disease: A Comparative Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v75i4.11496Keywords:
Clinical Attachment Loss, Periodontitis, Periodontal Disease, Vitamin D.Abstract
Objective: To compare mean serum vitamin D levels between patients with periodontitis and subjects with healthy periodontium and to determine the association of serum vitamin D levels with periodontitis
Study Design: Comparative cross sectional study
Place and Duration of Study: Periodontology Department, Institute of Dentistry, CMH Medical and Dental College, Lahore Pakistan, from Mar to Aug 2023.
Methodology: Thirty-eight cases diagnosed with periodontitis and 38 age and gender matched controls with healthy periodontium were selected. Subjects were screened for periodontitis. Periodontitis was classified according to the extent of probing depth, radiographic bone loss, and clinical attachment loss. Blood samples were taken to evaluate vitamin D3 levels.
Results: Deficient serum vitamin D3 levels, i.e., <30ng/ml, were observed in 76.3% subjects. Mean serum vitamin D3 levels were 29.07±16.08 ng/ml. A statistically significant mean difference in serum vitamin D levels between patients and controls was observed (p<0.001). Association between periodontitis and low serum vitamin D3 levels was also significant, with all cases showing low serum vitamin D levels (p<0.001).
Conclusion: The difference in mean serum vitamin D3 levels between periodontitis patients and controls was statistically significant (p<0.001). A significant association between periodontitis and low serum vitamin D levels was observed, with all cases showing low serum vitamin D levels (p<0.001).
Downloads
References
1. Khan S, Ahad A. Application of adjunct vitamin D supplementation in the management of periodontal disease: A three-pronged approach. J Dent Sci 2021; 16(1): 534-535.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jds.2020.04.009
2. Menzel LP, Ruddick W, Chowdhury MH, Brice DC, Clance R, Porcelli E, et al. Activation of vitamin D in the gingival epithelium and its role in gingival inflammation and alveolar bone loss. J Periodontal Res 2019; 54(4): 444-452.
https://doi.org/10.1111/jre.12646
3. Chang SW, Lee HC. Vitamin D and health - The missing vitamin in humans. Pediatr Neonatol 2019; 60(3): 237-244.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedneo.2019.04.007
4. Lu EMC. The role of vitamin D in periodontal health and disease. J Periodont Res 2023; 58(2): 213-224.
https://doi.org/10.1111/jre.13083
5. Fiscaletti M, Stewart P, Munns C. The importance of vitamin D in maternal and child health: a global perspective. Public Health Rev 2017; 38: 19.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40985-017-0066-3
6. Siddiqee MH, Bhattacharjee B, Siddiqi UR, Meshbahur-Rahman M. High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among the South Asian adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health 2021; 21(1): 1823.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-11888-1
7. Alzahrani AAH, Alharbi RA, Alzahrani MS, Sindi MA, Shamlan G, Alzahrani FA, et al. Association between periodontitis and vitamin D status: A case-control study. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28(7): 4016-4021.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.04.006
8. Chapple IL, Bouchard P, Cagetti MG, Campus G, Carra MC, Cocco F, et al. Interaction of lifestyle, behaviour or systemic diseases with dental caries and periodontal diseases: consensus report of group 2 of the joint EFP/ORCA workshop on the boundaries between caries and periodontal diseases. J Clin Periodontol 2017; 44(Suppl 18): S39-S51.
https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12685
9. Attaullah K, Khan ZA, Sibghatullah M, Chachar ZH, Shaikh MI, Ahmed S. Association between obesity and periodontal disease among young and middle aged adult groups. Professional Med J 2019; 26(10): 1688-1692.
https://doi.org/10.29309/TPMJ/2019.26.10.3418
10. Tonetti MS, Jepsen S, Jin L, Otomo-Corgel J. Impact of the global burden of periodontal diseases on health, nutrition and wellbeing of mankind: a call for global action. J Clin Periodontol 2017; 44: 456-462.
https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12732
11. Olszewska-Czyz I, Firkova E. Vitamin D3 Serum Levels in Periodontitis Patients: A Case–Control Study. Medicina 2022; 58(5): 585.
https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11222937
12. Yussif NM, Selim K. Deficient serum vitamin D level is not a risk factor for periodontitis: A cross-sectional clinical study. J Osseointegr 2021; 13(2): 70-74.
https://doi.org/10.23805/JO.2021.13.02.4
13. Isola G, Alibrandi A, Rapisarda E, Matarese G, Williams RC, Leonardi R. Association of vitamin D in patients with periodontitis: A cross-sectional study. J Periodontal Res 2020; 55(5): 602-612. https://doi.org/10.1111/jre.12746
14. Millen AE, Hovey KM, LaMonte MJ, Swanson M, Andrews CA, Kluczynski MA, et al. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and periodontal disease in postmenopausal women. J Periodontol 2013; 84(9): 1243-1256.
https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2012.120445
15. Abreu OJ, Tatakis DN, Elias-Boneta AR, Del Valle LL, Hernandez R, Pousa MS, et al. Low vitamin D status strongly associated with periodontitis in Puerto Rican adults. BMC Oral Health 2016; 16: 89. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-016-0288-7
16. American Academy of Periodontology. Task Force report on the update to the 1999 classification of periodontal diseases and conditions. J Periodontol 2015; 86(7): 835-838.
https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2015.157001
17. Jagelavičienė E, Vaitkevičienė I, Šilingaitė D, Šinkūnaitė E, Daugėlaitė G. The Relationship between Vitamin D and Periodontal Pathology. Medicina 2018; 54(3): 45.
https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina54030045
18. Arshad S, Zaidi SJA. Vitamin D levels among children, adolescents, adults, and elders in Pakistani population: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2022; 22: 2040.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-14526-6
19. Bhargava A, Rastogi R, Nand Lal N, Singhal R, Khatoon S, Mahdi AA. Relationship between VITAMIN D and chronic periodontitis. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2019; 9(2): 177-179.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobcr.2018.07.001
20. Madi M, Pavlic V, Alammar SM, Alsulaimi LM, Alotaibi RS, Al-Otaibi GM, et al. The association between vitamin D level and periodontal disease in Saudi population: A preliminary study. Saudi Dent J 2021; 33(7): 595-600.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Maliha Tariq, Marij Hameed, Mehtab Ahmad, Asma Wahid, Shafiq-ur- Rehman, Nida Ayub
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
