Antibiogram of Intensive Care Unit of a Tertiary Care Hospital in Balochistan: an Overview of Rising Antimicrobial Resistance

Kaswer .; Fatima Sana; Javaria Ahsan; Kokab Majeed; Muhammad Tanvir Ahmed Qureshi; Fatima Sharif

doi:10.51253/pafmj.v75i6.10882

Authors

Kaswer . Departments of Medicine, Combined Military Hospital Quetta /QIMS/National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS) Pakistan
Fatima Sana Departments of Microbiology, Combined Military Hospital Quetta /QIMS/National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS) Pakistan
Javaria Ahsan Departments of Histopathology, Combined Military Hospital Quetta /QIMS/National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS) Pakistan
Kokab Majeed Departments of Anesthesia, Combined Military Hospital Quetta /QIMS/National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS) Pakistan
Muhammad Tanvir Ahmed Qureshi Departments of Administration, Combined Military Hospital Quetta /QIMS/National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS) Pakistan
Fatima Sharif Departments of Gynae & Obs, Combined Military Hospital Quetta /QIMS/National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS) Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v75i6.10882

Keywords:

Antibiogram, Antibiotic Resistance, Intensive Care Unit

Abstract

Objective: To formulate an antibiogram of the medical intensive care unit, indicating the prevalence and resistance patterns of bacterial pathogens that contribute to sepsis in critically ill patients. Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: Critical Care and Microbiology Departments of Combined Military Hospital Quetta, Pakistan, from May 2022 to May 2023.

Methodology: Cultures for susceptibility testing were collected from patients admitted to the intensive care unit with clinical suspicion of sepsis and on antibiotics. All specimens were processed as per standard laboratory protocols for identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing.

Results: A total of 213 patients with positive cultures were included in the study, comprising 122 males (57%) and 91 females (43%). Of the 213 isolates, 49(23%) were Gram-positive, and 164(77%) were Gram-negative. Among the Gram-negative isolates, Burkholderia cepacia (43 cases, 26%) was the most frequently identified, followed by Acinetobacter baumannii (41 cases, 25%). Among the 49 Gram-positive isolates, Staphylococcus spp. was the most prevalent, with 33 cases (67%). All Staphylococci were found to be 100% resistant to methicillin, with no resistance observed to vancomycin. For Burkholderia cepacia, ceftazidime and cotrimoxazole exhibited low resistance rates, whereas colistin was the primary effective treatment for Acinetobacter baumannii in most cases.

Conclusion: An antibiogram serves as an evidence-based tool for guiding empirical antibiotic therapy. The increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant microorganisms necessitates rational antibiotic use, achievable by identifying isolates in specific demographic areas and tailoring empiric therapy accordingly. Developing local antibiograms is crucial to combat antimicrobial resistance effectively.

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