Obesity and Acanthosis Nigricans as the Clinical Markers of Insulin Resistance and Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus in Young Patients; A Case Report of Two Cases
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v74i1.10865Keywords:
Child, Diabetes mellitus, Type 2, Anti-GAD65 autoantibody, Islet cell antibodies, Hypothyroidism, Cushing syndrome, Diabetes mellitus, Insulin-resistant, Acanthosis NigricansAbstract
Two young girls, aged 11 and 12 years, presented with obesity and Acanthosis Nigricans. They were found to have severe
insulin resistance and type-2 diabetes mellitus. Anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase and anti-islet cell antibodies were negative.
Tests for hypothyroidism and Cushing’s syndrome were negative. They were managed with lifestyle modification and
metformin.
Downloads
References
Reinehr T. Type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents.
World J Diabetes 2013; 4(6): 270–281.
https://doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v4.i6.270
Pinhas-Hamiel O, Zeitler P. Acute and chronic complications of
type-2 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents. Lancet 2007;
(9575): 1823–1831.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60821-6.
Kong AS, Williams RL, Rhyne R, Urias-Sandoval V, Cardinali G,
Weller NF, et al; PRIME Net Clinicians. Acanthosis Nigricans:
high prevalence and association with diabetes in a practice-based
research network consortium--a PRImary care Multi-Ethnic
network (PRIME Net) study. J Am Board Fam Med 2010; 23(4):
-485. https://doi.org/10.3122/jabfm.2010.04.090221.
Mukhtar Q, Cleverley G, Voorhees RE, McGrath JW. Prevalence
of acanthosis nigricans and its association with hyperinsulinemia
in New Mexico adolescents. J Adolesc Health 2001; 28(5): 372-
https://doi.org/10.1016/s1054-139x(00)00217-2.
Maguolo A, Maffeis C. Acanthosis nigricans in childhood: A
cutaneous marker that should not be underestimated, especially
in obese children. Acta Paediatr 2020; 109(3): 481-487.
https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.15031.
Scott AT, Metzig AM, Hames RK, Schwarzenberg SJ, Dengel DR,
Biltz GR, Kelly AS. Acanthosis nigricans and oral glucose
tolerance in obese children. Clin Pediatr 2010; 49(1): 69-71.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0009922809341876.
Burke JP, Hale DE, Hazuda HP, Stern MP. A quantitative scale of
acanthosis nigricans. Diabetes Care 1999; 22(10): 1655-1659.
https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.22.10.1655.
Callanan N, Wright N. Single-centre case–control study
investigating the association between acanthosis nigricans,
insulin resistance and type-2 diabetes in a young, overweight,
UK population. BMJ Paediatrics Open 2022; 6: e001574.
https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjpo-2022-001574.
Tanamas SK, Reddy SP, Chambers MA, Clark EJ, Dunnigan DL,
Hanson RL, et al. Effect of severe obesity in childhood and
adolescence on risk of type-2 diabetes in youth and early
adulthood in an American Indian population. Pediatr Diabetes
; 19(4): 622-629. https://doi.org/1010.1111/pedi.12627.
Mayer-Davis EJ, Lawrence JM, Dabelea D, Divers J, Isom S,
Dolan L, et al; SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study. Incidence
Trends of Type-1 and Type-2 Diabetes among Youths, 2002-2012.
N Engl J Med 2017; 376(15): 1419-1429.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.