Treatment of Heavy Postmenopausal Bleeding With Comorbidities in Septuagenarian, Octogenarian and Nonagenarian (Case Series)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v74i1.10683Keywords:
Hemiplegia, Polypectomy, Polyps, AnesthesiaAbstract
Few postmenopausal patients with a history of postmenopausal bleeding with comorbidities and unfit for general anaesthesia.These could not be treated with conservative treatments and developed moderate to severe anaemia. Diagnosis and curettagewere required to treat the patients. Therefore, a saddle block was applied for D&C and polypectomy. According tohistopathological reports, the optimal outcome was succeeded with a multidisciplinary team and post-operation patient care.
Patients had follow-up visits after being discharged from the hospital, and the bleeding stopped. In this case series, we presentthree cases of treatment of heavy postmenopausal bleeding with comorbidities in septuagenarian, octogenarian and nonagenarian.
Downloads
References
Cleveland Clinic. Post-menopausal Bleeding. Causes, Diagnosis
and treatment. [Internet]. Available at:
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21549.
Newell S, Overton C. Postmenopausal bleeding should be
referred urgently. Practitioner 2012; 256(1749): 13-5.
Harvard Medical School. Hypothyroidism-symptoms-andsigns-in-an-older-person. [Internet]. Available at:
https://www.health.harvard.edu/diseases-and
conditions/hypothyroidism-symptoms-and-signs-in-an-olderperson (Accessed on June 15, 2023).
Penson RT, Goodman A, Growdon WB, Borger DR, Lee SI,
Oliva E. Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital.
Case 14-2013. A 70-year-old woman with vaginal bleeding. N
Engl J Med 2013; 368(19): 1827-35.
https://doi: 10.1056/NEJMcpc1209276.
American College of Obstetricians and
Gynecologists. Perimenopausal Bleeding and Bleeding after
Menopause. [Internet]. Available at:
https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/perimenopausalbleeding-and-bleeding-after-menopause.
Baber RJ, Panay N, Fenton A; IMS Writing Group. 2016 IMS
Recommendations on women's midlife health and menopause
hormone therapy. Climacteric 2016; 19(2): 109-150.
https://doi.org/10.3109/13697137.2015.1129166.
Jokubkiene L, Sladkevicius P, Valentin L. Transvaginal
ultrasound examination of the endometrium in
postmenopausal women without vaginal bleeding. Ultrasound
Obstet Gynecol 2016; 48(3): 390-396.
https://doi.org/10.1002/uog.15841.
Peterson KJ, Dyrud P, Johnson C, Blank JJ, Eastwood DC,
Butterfield GE, et al. Saddle block anesthetic technique for
benign outpatient anorectal surgery. Surgery 2022; 171(3): 615-
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surg.2021.08.066.
Maryam A, Sajjad H. Saddle Anesthetic Block. Treasure Island
(FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.