@article{Mumtaz_Shafiq_Khan_Hussain_Rahman_Shafiq_2022, title={Diagnostic Accuracy of Kramer Visual Assessment of Jaundice in Term Neonates Taking Total Serum Bilirubin Levels as the Gold Standard}, volume={72}, url={https://pafmj.org/PAFMJ/article/view/6252}, DOI={10.51253/pafmj.v72i6.6252}, abstractNote={<p><strong>Objective:</strong> To determine the Diagnostic accuracy of Kramer’s visual assessment of jaundice in term neonates by taking total serum bilirubin levels as a gold standard.</p> <p><strong>Study Design:</strong> Cross-sectional study.</p> <p><strong>Place and Duration of Study:</strong> Neonatology Department, Pak Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan, Mar to Sep 2019.</p> <p><strong>Methodology:</strong> The study was based on examining and investigating 300 neonates. Kramer scale was used to examine jaundice in all neonates, and results were compared to total serum bilirubin levels.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> A total of 300 patients were included in this study. The mean bilirubin level was 229.1±74.5mol/L. The sensitivity and specificity of visual assessment of jaundice using the Kramer visual scale were 83.84% and 73.53%, respectively, for neonates who were not jaundiced below the abdomen and thighs included in Kramer zones 1 to 3.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Kramer visual assessment can be used as a noninvasive screening method in neonates jaundiced up to the abdomen and thighs, which is included in Kramer zones 1 to 3 but for markedly jaundiced neonates Kramer scale is not a reliable noninvasive method of bilirubin estimation.</p>}, number={6}, journal={Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal}, author={Mumtaz, Shaista and Shafiq, Muhammad Faisal and Khan, Kenan Anwar and Hussain, Murtaza and Rahman, Asbah and Shafiq, Sania}, year={2022}, month={Dec.}, pages={1953–56} }